Salvator Rosa (1615–1673), Soldier with the Shield of Medusa. Etching, Figurine series, 17th century

Original etching by Salvator Rosa (1615–1673), from the celebrated Figurine series, depicting a soldier holding a shield adorned with the head of Medusa.

Dated to Rosa’s Florentine period (ca. 1656–1657), the plate bears the monogram “S.R.” and is considered to be in the second state, the final one recorded (Bartsch 63; Bozzolato 43; Rotili 65; Wallace 62; Theodoli 62/II).

The Figurine series comprised more than sixty subjects and was conceived as a repertoire of warriors, philosophers, and hermits. Highly prized by 17th-century collectors, these prints were often bound together in albums.

Paper analysis is essential for authenticating early impressions. This sheet measures about 14.5 × 9.5 cm and is printed on laid paper, identifiable by the vertical chainlines clearly visible when held to the light. In this example, the chainlines are spaced at about 34 mm, which is characteristic of Italian paper mills of the 17th century. By contrast, French and Flemish papers of the same period usually show different intervals, which helps confirm the origin of the support.

Such details are crucial in distinguishing early impressions from later reprints. In this case, the crispness of the line, the minimal wear of the plate, and the paper structure all indicate a 17th-century printing, or at the latest an early 18th-century pull, rather than a later revival.

Condition: complete sheet, with natural toning and small traces of handling consistent with age.

References: Bartsch 63; Bozzolato 43; Rotili 65; Wallace 62; Theodoli 62/II.